Физика 7 класс 8.1

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The term "physics" first appeared in the writings of one of the greatest thinkers of antiquity - Aristotle, who lived in the IV century BC. Originally the terms "physics" and "philosophy" were synonymous, because both disciplines were based on the desire to explain the laws of the functioning of the universe. However, as a result of the scientific revolution of the 16th century, physics was separated into a separate scientific direction.

In Russian, the word "physics" was introduced by M. V. Lomonosov, who published the first in Russia physics textbook - his translation from the German language of the textbook "Wolffian Experimental Physics" by H. Wolf (1746). The first original textbook of physics in Russian was the course "Brief outline of physics" (1810), written by PI Strakhov.

In the modern world, the importance of physics is extremely great. Everything that distinguishes modern society from the society of past centuries, has emerged as a result of the application of physical discoveries in practice. So, research in the field of electromagnetism led to the appearance of telephones and later mobile phones, the discovery in thermodynamics allowed to create a car, the development of electronics led to the emergence of computers.

The physical understanding of the processes taking place in nature is constantly evolving. Most new discoveries soon get used in engineering and industry. However, new research constantly raises new puzzles and reveals phenomena that require new physical theories to explain. Despite the huge amount of accumulated knowledge, modern physics is still very far from explaining all the phenomena of nature.

The general scientific foundations of physical methods are developed in the theory of knowledge and the methodology of science.






Physics is the science of nature (natural science) in the most general sense (part of natural science). The subject of its study is matter (in the form of matter and fields) and the most general forms of its movement, as well as the fundamental interactions of nature that control the movement of matter.

Some regularities are common to all material systems, for example, the conservation of energy - they are called physical laws. Physics is sometimes called "fundamental science", because other natural sciences (biology, geology, chemistry, etc.) describe only a certain class of material systems that obey the laws of physics. For example, chemistry studies atoms, substances formed from them, and the transformation of one substance into another. The chemical properties of matter are uniquely determined by the physical properties of atoms and molecules, described in such sections of physics as thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and quantum physics.

Physics is closely related to mathematics: mathematics provides an apparatus through which physical laws can be precisely formulated. Physical theories are almost always formulated in the form of mathematical expressions, and more complex sections of mathematics are used, than usually in other sciences. Conversely, the development of many areas of mathematics was stimulated by the needs of physical theories.